Thursday, June 2, 2011

How Do Ball Bearing Turbos Work?

2:34 AM

# Ball bearing turbochargers are small fan pumps that that are commonly found on drag racing cars. These additions to an engine convert the excess heat from the exhaust into additional energy for the motor. The increase in energy allows the car to improve speed, acceleration, and endurance.

# A ball bearing turbocharger uses the energy in the heated exhaust that is expelled by an internal combustion engine to power a small fan pump. Ball bearings support the turbine shaft of the fan, rather than the fluid bearings in other turbochargers. The fan pump works to increase the amount of air that goes through the engine, augmenting the engine's ability to provide air to the cylinders.
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# In order to produce mechanical energy in an internal combustion engine, the cylinders in the engine block are filled with a precise mixture of air and fuel, which will only fire correctly if they are in the proper ratio. The mixture is ignited with a spark, and the resulting explosion propels a piston out of the end of each cylinder. When the cylinder rebounds, the suction pulls additional air into the intake manifold of the engine, to mix with more fuel and create the next explosion. The amount of fuel to be ignited in the cylinders is limited by the amount of air available.

# The ball bearing turbocharger provides additional air to this process, which increases the amount of fuel that the carburetor can insert in the cylinder. The increased amounts of fuel and air combine to result in a larger explosion, and more power for the car's engine. A careful balance must be maintained, in order to ensure that the explosion is not so large that it damages the engine. In order to maintain this balance, the speed of the turbocharger's fan is controlled by a wastegate. This device ensures that the correct amount of exhaust is used to power the fan, routing excess exhaust away in order to prevent too much power from being generated by the turbocharger.

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